Introduction to PCIe Express: This blog describes the fundamentals of the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI Express) protocol. In personal computers, peripheral devices connect to the processor subsystem using Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended (PCI-X), Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), and PCIe buses. Peripherals can be graphic cards, hard disk drives, SSDs, WiFi, […]
UFS stands for Universal Flash Storage. UFS is an advanced, high speed, low power, high-performance non-volatile interface designed for mobile systems such as smartphones and tablets UFS is an open standard and defined by JEDEC and incorporates standards from the MIPI alliance. UFS utilizes the SCSI architecture model supporting multiple commands, including command queuing enabling […]
Introduction to MDIO: Management Data Input/Output (MDIO), or Media Independent Interface Management (MIIM) is a serial bus protocol defined for the IEEE 802.3 standard Ethernet series of Media Independent Interface (MII). MII connects media access control (MAC) devices to Ethernet physical layer (PHY) circuits. The SMI/MDIO protocol is a simple two-wire serial interface that connects […]
What is the role of the I3C Protocol in DDR5? DDR5 has significant improvement over DDR4. DDR5 offers higher bandwidth with a data rate of up to 6.4 Gbps and operates at 1.1V consuming lower power compared to DDR4. The channel architecture is also significantly different compared to DDR4. DDR5 has two independent channels, unlike […]
I3C devices are going through mass adoption at the moment. One challenge however remains for I3C devices is interoperability. The I3C devices need to work with devices of other manufacturers. Electrical validation of the physical pin level signaling plays a critical role in the Interoperability of the I3C Devices. There are many parameters to the […]
On July 28, 2022, congress passed the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 to strengthen the domestic manufacturing of semiconductor chips in the U.S. The $280 Billion CHIPS Act shall provide $52 Billion specifically to boost U.S. semiconductor manufacturing, development, and research. The $52 Billion package is divided into – The $39 billion to companies […]
Introduction: I2C Protocol I2C Protocol stands for Inter Integrated-Circuit. I2C is a simple two-wire design, half-duplex serial communication protocol, and the data is transmitted bit by bit over a single wire. I2C supports multiple masters and slaves on the bus, but only one master can be active at a time. Any I2C device can be […]
SMBus Protocol Introduction: The System Management Bus (SMBus) is a two-wire interface through which various system component chips and devices can communicate with each other and with the rest of the system. It is based on the principles of operation of the I2C bus. SMBus provides a control bus for system and power management-related tasks. […]
Today’s automobiles are not just about engines and wheels, it is much more. The factor that defines these automobiles is the electronic functionality with advanced technologies and safety features embedded in them. These electronic functions are controlled by Engine Control Units (ECUs), Transmission Control Units (TCUs), and Body Controlled Module (BCM). These control units need […]
What is CAN protocol? The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial communications protocol that supports distributed real-time control with a very high level of security and efficiency. Where is CAN Protocol Used? CAN is extensively used (but not restricted) in the automotive industry for automotive electronics precisely in the engine control units (ECUs), for […]
